Afghan Journal of Science

The An introduction number of genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at the promoter region of HLA-DQB1 gene

Khyber Saify — 2023-05-03

Human leukocyte antigen-DQB1 (HLA-DQB1, OMIM: 604305) is the human major histocompatibility complex (MHC) system, belonging to the class II human major histocompatibility complex (MHC). This complex of genes is centrally involved in the actions of the human immune system. They play an important role in donor-recipient matching in transplantations and can be associated with most autoimmune diseases. The aim of the present study was to introduce the HLA-DQB1 unsearched frequent SNPs that may associate induced with the risk. Previous studies have shown genetic polymorphisms in the promoter region of other genes change the gene expression. We suggest that HLA-DQB1 gene numbers of unsearched single nucleotide frequent polymorphisms such as rs3891175, rs9274526, rs71542466, and rs9274526 are highly frequent in worldwide populations may alter the HLA-DQB1 gene activity and subsequently may associate with risk of autoimmune diseases, especially viral related disease. For this suggest more research is needed to support this study in the future.

A review of Hari Rud River Basin in Afghanistan

Mostafa Mohammadi — 2023-08-28

The Harirud River Basin spans across Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan, making it a transboundary river basin. Cooperation among these countries is essential for effective water management, shared benefits, and conflict prevention. The Harirud River Basin holds significant importance due to its geographical, ecological, and geopolitical features. The Harirud River is a crucial water source in the region, providing irrigation for agricultural activities and supplying drinking water to local communities. The river's waters are used for irrigation in Afghanistan, Iran, and Turkmenistan, supporting agriculture and livelihoods in these countries. The Harirud River Basin encompasses diverse ecosystems, including wetlands, riparian forests, and desert areas. These habitats support a variety of plant and animal species, contributing to regional biodiversity. The Harirud River has the potential for hydropower generation, which can contribute to the region's energy needs. Constructing dams and utilizing the river's flow for electricity production can help meet the growing energy demands and promote economic development.