The state of telecommunication and internet in Afghanistan and its impact on the country’s socio-economic and digital development

Abstract

This research examines the state of telecommunications, particularly Internet services, in Afghanistan and their impact on the country’s socio-economic and digital development. Despite notable progress over the past two decades in expanding Internet access, Afghanistan faces challenges due to its geographic, political, and economic circumstances. Using a mixed-method approach, this study analyzes telecommunications data and incorporates insights from expert interviews to assess the state of the Internet and identify the factors affecting Internet cost and quality, including geographical constraints, lack of direct access to the sea, infrastructure issues, sparse population compared to land area, electrical power and Internet dependencies, regulatory challenges, and complex market dynamics. The study further reveals that over 90% of users are dissatisfied with the current state of Internet services, highlighting the interconnected challenges that hinder affordability and accessibility, particularly in rural areas. These barriers impede the country’s digital growth and socio-economic progress. The study concludes with strategies and recommendations, including investment in infrastructure and electrical power, access to radio spectrum, capacity building, policy reforms, fostering market competition, and leveraging international partnerships. These strategies aim to reduce Internet costs, enhance service quality, and promote Afghanistan’s broader socio-economic and digital development.